Benefits of Strategic Management Models

Benefits of Strategic Management Models Nowadays, strategic management models are importance to senior executives that they need to evaluate battle management systems as well as science is always changing and improving all the things necessary to effect efficient organizations. Management strategies are important to all organizations and countries that are developing or developed to meet the objectives of each organization (Bahareh Khanali 2008). Meanwhile, the objective of strategic management models is to help their performance of corporation and learn how to create value from the use of learning strategies. Thus, the company will collect information and expectations regarding competition in the industry are important to define strategies after that managers need to measure performance using data appropriate to the management of strategic management process. In addition, the strategic competition will receive a higher return than the average when companies use the strategic management process. Therefore, successful busin ess still is not easy to perform. Those providing or participating in the strategic decision to bring the strategies used must be consistent and important factors such as basic knowledge of managers. Porters generic strategies1 model is commonly used to analyse in Japan. Porters generic strategies are widely used in America and Europe, but while Japan has not shown a case study on Porters generic strategies. This research study about the Japanese strategy of Porters generic or continued under the management of tanditional Japanese strategy by using Porters generic strategy to process. Japans experience economy in the industry was resembles economic crisis and lower management and economic distress in Japan owning to lack of analysis of long-term business plan, layoffs and non-profit. The system industry is the interdependent relationship between community organizations and private sector. According to Ishikawa (1988) observes that Japan can not meet rapidly changing demand of the market is entrenched group decision making and the formalized systems likely to slow down. After Japan was experiencing economic distress after the company began to find ways to cut out the bad decade an d their commitment to the Japanese management system and discovered Michael Porters (1980, 1985) generic strategies, which is the most important organization and renews the organization. The research sample used in this study consists of case management staff from large companies. The test survey of 101 samples from Japanese companies operating in the Tokyo show in Japans four strategies may begin to change the strategy of the Porter-based strategies, but traditional Japanese strategies2 abide. One example is the per cent of Japan uses frequency of strategic by product differentiation strategy, cost leadership strategy, supply chain and training (see Table1). Moreover, since the use of strategic Porter occurs then the article called Can Japan compete? (Porter Takeuchi, 2000) Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry of Japan has established a reward Porter Prize for Japanese companies to succeed and maintain profitability in the industry, especially the strategy and methodology of the process, innovation in products. Porter award is intended only to improve the competitiveness of Japanese companies. Recently, bring to generic strategies get attention in public debate in Japan after that change the key policy and strategic changes necessary to achieve the systems traditional Japanese companies increasingly use the strategy of Porter. According to Porters and Takeuchi (2000) explains that decades Japanese economic recession, especially in the case of Japanese companies increased competition in global markets. Meanwhile, Porters diamond model is the model used in the decision of the operators in the business extensively instance evaluate the success of the Indian shrimp industry in Thailand and international competition and the environment of the country. The keywords of this case are shrimp industry, competitiveness, flexibility3. Shrimp industry and exports in India and Thailand which the two species of shrimp has growth in the global shrimp market and industry they are P. vannamei and P. Monodon4. In addition, the suppliers of cephalopods are the most in India to Europe by 83 per cent volume of exports. In Thailand have many industries about aquaculture related and services such as chemicals and fertilizers. While P. vannamei is more delicious than P. Monodon. On the other hand, P. Monodon commands a special price. As a result, the global markets have exploded in demand. It is need to understand the competitive environment in the shrimp industry in India and Thailand. This means that Po rters diamond model can be analysed to help the case of this industry (Porter, 1990). According to Porter states that the national environment composing of four factors: internal rivalries, related industries, and firm strategy structure and factor conditions these are created from Porters diamond model. An additional, government is mainly played role in national competitive environment of an industry (Silpa, Yadav et al 2007). Nominal Group Technique used the diamond model for analysis Indian and Thai shrimp industry due to it can help flexibility theory. The Indias shrimp industry on Porters structure, India is the five points in the shrimp production. The shrimp farms are owned by small farmers to 90 per cent. The P. monodon is the main of species in shrimp culture. And India is the biggest frozen shrimp in the export which share of culture is about 80 per cent (MPEDA, 2006). The Indian shrimp industry and national competitive environment is used Porters diamond model to help and evaluate. However, India needs to develop infrastructure and also the foreign has not been to India for investment in shrimp industry owning to many business companies comes from family owned inherited that was happened over the decade. A part of Thai shrimp industry on Porters structure, since 1993 Thailand is the producers in farmed shrimp in the world where has successful of transform shrimp for a high cost product. Thai shrimp industry entries toward low cost competition product for change direction from a high cost product result of a successful in shrimp exports industry. External factors mean trade policy and elasticity of demand is domestic support export competitiveness in Thai shrimp sector those factors affect the efficiency of product growth (Ongsritrakul and Hubbard, 1996). The market share belonged to Thailand around 27 per cent which export frozen shrimps more than 1.5 billion bath per year. The overview and the conditions and factors such as factor conditions, demand conditions and role of national government cause by Thailand gained advantages more than India, overall from these differences that contribute success in supporting the global market. Moreover, Porters Diamond has presented the rating about panel of respondents on flexibility of competitive elements that India has negative rating higher than Thailand because of India lack of flexibility in shrimp industry scenario. It describes about how to respond to new threats and to arrange situation in the industry (see Table 2). Porters diamond is the elements of the competitive conditions within the country to facilitate international success. The operations of the diamond model show flexibility and support to enable the company to leverage competitive advantage environment. This research has identified factors that can lead role industry to competition by diamond model analysis (Silpa, Yadav et al 2007). Not only Porters diamond model and generic strategies model only widely used, but SWOT analysis5 model influence in performing analysis of business success. One of example is SWOT analysis applied to micro enterprises (MEs), small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs), and large software enterprises (LEs)6: an Austrian study which interviewed random sample of 174 executives from Austrian Software Company. Most managers of Austrias largest software face significant obstacles in the growth of the business community because the nature of the software industry has globalised, high performance can also be used for other countries in the European Union. Research reviewed problems from software entrepreneurs with small-to-medium and micro Software Company which software innovation, investment and areas of collaboration between companies and joint ventures. Current models of collaboration between companies which factors affecting the scope of work and its impact on business success to determine the i mportance of cooperation between companies, especially SMEs. For the study on the experimental nature of the business of micro and small to medium enterprises contribute to its high-performance software for benchmarking. These results will be combined for special features and needs of micro, small-to-medium and large enterprise software to help professional managers, especially from young companies to develop market entry strategies of successful organizations survives in a dynamic business environment. Thus, implementation of the SWOT analysis, micro enterprise (ME), small-to-medium (SME) and large organisations (LE) are factors that can influence different strategies to isolate and identify the organization, which means the key of the most successful. The result from the analysis of factors that must be considered by managers as part of the strategic planning process prior to the scheduled corporate strategy because of high globalised nature of the software industry to make availa ble in other countries in the European Union. SWOT analysis also led the development of successful corporate strategies to survive in a dynamic business environment for Europes young into the market (Edward, October 2002). Obviously, models as a pattern often depends upon the managers to apply these strategies are how to be successful. Strategic management models are set to show action in helping to make decisions about allocation of resources to meet corporate goals of bodies. Managers in many industries have led some strategic management models used in their business, which is a help in decision analysis and business problems. The decision-making is important and has influenced many leaders and managers. Models are the technical advantages as the face of competition and the decisions and it can also increase as the decision in the case of the initial models to take part in educational and research issues in economic or competitive in global market and will appear when analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the business to bring these things to change and develop on the spot. In this section awareness and focus on Porters Diamond Model. Maxoulis, Kalogirou et.al (June 2007) observes that Michael E. Porter (1990) states that The competitive advantage of Nations suggest a new theory of competitiveness it is called diamond model its as a system such as the ceramic tile industry in Italy. The model illustrates why some industries in nations are more rival than others. The model argued that national home stand by the organization played a key role in creating opportunities to benefit the global level. The diamond model stands for four factors, which impact companies of the specified group. The four factors are in brief below: Context for firm strategy and rivalry: company directs competition will increase efficiency and innovation Strategy: Domestic capital markets impact the companys strategy. Because some countries capital markets are long-run outlook, while other countries are short-run outlook. America is likely to increase competition in the industry as short-term investments. At the same time, Switzerland is likely to increase competition in the industry to invest long term (Krishnamurthi, 18 November 2007). Rivalry: Porter says that Competition is intense in Japan; many companies are diligent company that will compete in most industries (Krishnamurthi, 18 November 2007). The competition of international cannot drastic and with environmental and adequacy of the differences between companies that can provide a useful excuse for managers who exceed performance with their competitors. (forumuz.biz, 28 January 2009). Demand conditions: If customers are demanding in the economy resulted in increased pressure on the company so it will always be forced to improve their competitiveness such as French wine industry is the country that experienced wine consumers. These consumers can help to produce high quality wine (Krishnamurthi, 18 November 2007). Factor (input) conditions: Skilled labour and capital structure in the factors of production. Porter suggests that countries that lack resources to allow them to compete in the industry, also known as one of the disadvantages that a change advantages. Therefore, these countries will struggle to overcome the problem of resources. For example Switzerland was the first country experiencing labour shortages. They dismiss workers turned to focus on innovative clock / high-end watches (Krishnamurthi, 18 November 2007). Related and supporting industries: Industry support is critical to the competitiveness of companies including frequency of partners and related industries are often in conflict, regional, national. For instance, Leather footwear industry and other leather products in Italy and U.S. car industry in Silicon Valley Detroit (Krishnamurthi, 18 November 2007). The government of role in the diamond model will act as a catalyst to increase its demand for advanced products with an emphasis on creating special factors to stimulate local competition is limited to work directly and anti-trust regulatory enforcement (Maxoulis and Kalogirou et al, June 2007). At forumuz.biz (28 January 2009) reports that large textile industry in India can be supported multi-directional and the local economy. Account the total production of most industrial countries over 20 per cent and employment has more than 15 million people and exports account for more than 30 per cent making India a net foreign exchange industry, the largest (Dalmia, 1994). The Government of India the economic reforms in the new format in 1991 made the economic situation of India is continuously improving due to the government to focus on the liberalization policy. It seems that benefits of Porters diamond model resulted in large companies bring to the widespread use in countries like America or even Europe. That bringing the Porter diamond model used in the process of organization and the national competition is an indication that the Porter diamond is a dynamic relationship between the four factors. According to Porter suggests that when he has been building diamond model by four years, it apply approximately a hundred industries and ten nations. This situation is supported by The Competitive Advantage of Nations, page 855 in 1990 (Dong and Hwy, November 2000). Furthermore, Porters diamond has become a strength benefit of implement. The evidence shows that Puerto Rico of the international competitiveness by using Porters diamond. The ten industries maintain competitiveness in Puerto Rico during the take the principles of Porters diamond in five years time7. Puerto Rico is a small industrial country in the Caribbean. Puerto Rico would like to know the potential of countries in global competition has led to the Porter diamond framework and apply in Puerto Rico Puerto Rico in the industry can increase opportunities to compete on health sector opportunities because of Puerto Ricos exports merchandise and services can also link industry to promote exports and benefit other industries such as tourism. Puerto Rico also shows that competition in the food sector can be competitive against the competition in its health sector since the expertise of local engineers and specialists with knowledge and technical work. About the chemical formula of these local companies because of they have expertise that comes from betting the Federal Drug Administration Puerto Rico can be shown effective in the development of this sector, both foreign and domestic. But Rico Puerto Rico should focus on to determine which company to a member of the competition because of external factors cause by the Porter diamond and local governments. These are nec essary to promote new industries and increased competition on international markets level. Strengths of the Porter diamond allow increased competition in the countrys exports (Luz Leyda, 2006). And other industries have used Porters diamond weakness resulted from the strength to compete with competitors in the same industry is aerospace industry to the Porter diamond framework is a specific factor to strengthen Hong Kong as a hub for air transport industry and transport, international and Hong Kong has also estimate that natural resources can increase the ability the same level to compete with neighbouring countries. Hong Kong application using Porters strategy, as Porters diamond competitive business aviation industry and the intense competition that Cathay Pacific has made more than HK$4.8 billions budget to create independent cargo terminal building and cargo because terminal will bring the race because of strong intensity at the airline will have more options to benefit from reduced costs of freight and more than that can increase capacity to manage demand in the future. Therefore, Hong Kongs aviation industry attempted to find strategic ways to cope with competitive bu siness. After using the Porters diamond analysis principles and then acquired ideas that are way to maintain Hong Kong as a hub for air transport might be done by creating a free trade city or bilateral agreement with the mainland (Yui-yip Lau, 25 May 2009). Additionally, this case involved the theory and Porters diamond, clustering and Performance Matrix (Martilla and James, 1997) as a tool for critical help in better management framework through the complexities of social phenomena, including thirty-three Singaporean financial clusters to introduce the main benefit of clustering the interaction between companies, which the matrix shows strength and weaknesses, to evaluate excellence in the industry maintain national competition and depth information. According to Singapore is a country example of the power in overcoming weaknesses into strengths, which makes factors in creating national advantage. Singapore is a small island and strategic geographical location, natural harbour good centrally located between the West and East, a location for the address of a development bank and international financial centre8. Singapore has a strong group of banks with 107 banks (www.mas.gov.sg) in order to have the worlds seventh largest holder of for eign currency reserves US 85.8 billions (May 2003). Money market in Singapore is the trading and short-term instruments such as money treasury securities. In addition, In August 1999, Singapore rank among the country was successful in most financial markets of the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report (Kuah and Day, November 2005). Porter (1990) stated that clusters in the Competitive Advantage of Nations as being: the connection between suppliers and related industries, Institutions specialized in limited locations. Innovation, improvement and change is seen to be central to creating competitive advantage. Arthur (1990) argues that strength of clusters can lead to attracting more of these regions and with the innovation will bring success to more innovation. Swann (1999) and Baptista et al (1996) noted that region not just to accumulate knowledge and human capital increase information exchange matures, but that does not comply with regulatory and imprecise means of spreading the knowledge is limited to areas outside clusters is a dynamic course of business associated with certain production companies and expansion of manufacturing in the cluster. Research results from the thirty-three respondents found that Singapore supported the financial industries that are necessary conditions of the cluster. For these rea son is Singapore was identified key terms correctly and maintenance industry as well. On the other hand, seven manager groups who answered the comments do not match; they thought that Singapore lack of skilled labour and environmental provisions in the good work. The researchers in this case said that we believer in the Porter diamond that it obtains two advantages. The first is Porters diamond that shows the actions to make real what happens within the suitable for article of analysis. And the second is the expression of Matrix applying Porters diamond potential in the organization has added more confidence in decision making and appropriate conditions and incentives for their manufacturers and workers of the company (Adrian and John, November 2005). In particular, the strengths of the work to Porters overall competitiveness in the industry from global competition and has identified many interesting things in the countrys major industrial nations. (Bruce and Eamonn, 1998). Robert (2004) says that factors in the Porters diamond will support it with its own, such as deterioration or improvement in one factor will affect the next one factor. This will highlight the natural characteristics of the micro economic power in the country: the link between these growth factors, strengths and weaknesses of the industry. Allows the strengths of Porters work occur because the client shared technology resources, distribution channels and suppliers and industry groups have occurred in geographic trends. Nevertheless, diamond is a good principle to benefit many industries, whether with you, but it must have criteria set geographical different (Dunning, 1993), especially in small related Porters single diamond related with those countries are limited number of variables. They must use variables of different countries to add the ability to compete on international markets for this reason Porter accepted variables are important to the international competitiveness of the country or the world for diamond version, but he clearly does not include these variables. Unfortunately, these variables were not clearly disclosed in his diamond model (Dong and Hwy, November 2000). Rugman says that Porter began training in the study of conditions in the countrys largest and most wealthy in America and very little Canadians. But in Canadians have been affected adversely by Porters diamond due to be limited by geographic labour and location (Eden, August 2004). From Dong and Hwy book (November 2000), according to Rugman (1991) argues that Porters single diamond weakness has two defected that the first is the role of government cannot be true to all unfold and the second is multinational activity inappropriate was established. For example, Porter analyzed and revises the international competition of Canadians. Canadians are just one in ten of the economic scale in America. Canada is relatively small and relies on the sales market in America. In fact, assumptions made that the U.S. diamond has been involved with Canadians diamond industry in Canada industrial multinationals due to sales of more than 70 per cent of their. The alliance of American-Canada fortify free trade this point. The weakness of Porters diamond is not just a case of the Canadians, but more than 90 per cent of the worlds countries by multinational industry of small open economies can not use the porter diamond. Moreover, other comments that critics Porters diamond from Dong and Hwy (November 2000) explains Porter that attempt to enter into new factors like those described, which is not identical to original. In contrast, at forumuz.biz (28 January 2009) reports that Porters diamond more concentrated with developed countries and the role of government is both positive and negative. Sometimes good intentions of the government make non-competitive impact on international and domestic industry. Porters lack of bringing core modem that led to the application in Canada. Porter focused on the home diamond in Canada that cannot identify the competitiveness of Canadian, but Canada is a successful cluster use of resources-based. They can add value in itself. Besides, Porter said in his book that Canadians affected Canadians are the only thing is factor driven. Discrepancy is the basis of industry and the dangers of misleading the wrong way, such as policy advice to Canadians. An aspect of the role of natural resources of the Porter is old fashioned9 and has been used in the wrong way. He said that dependence on natural resources bad as they dependence on technology standard or unskilled labour that is common these changes by comparative advantage in natural resources to the specific advantages in the process of resources, which can confirm that these sources of sustainable competitive advantage. For example, Alcan, Noranda and Nova are successful multinationals in Canada, which demonstrates how to add value by managing the introduction of these resources. But the idea of Rugman said if Porter crosses a border, he changes the mistake (Dong and Hwy, November 2000). Dong and Hwy (November 2000) observes that the discussion in the case of Canada and the defects of the diamond that is called when a very attractive industry and business, because Porter Rugman two people who have a reputation and expertise in the business community of the world. Porter is in the field of strategic management while Rugman is in the business community abroad. For the reason, Porters focused on competitive strategy national and corporate, but on the other hand Rugmans focused to precede realities of multinational companies than just beat the competition business. Thain (Dialogue, 1992) recommends that the discussion should focus on the practical fact of the introduction of good features that can be used Porter real treat because of the most important. Rugman is currently building another important point that makes policy recommendations on the basis of Porter might sound, but they do not correspond with the analysis of Porter (Rugman, 1992, p.59). Conclusion The evidence from several cases demonstrates that the model is that business and industry recognized in many countries and many leading companies. To be successful in that model to bring in the business process or the industry itself to develop a step to compete with national and global level that may be considered as a tool and model important mechanism to drive the process and industrial movement continued. Those executives should be aware of how strategic management is a process in place to adapt management strategies to broaden. Operating divisions are also improving and personnel and, importantly, to increase its competitive ability in organization and capabilities of each employee to promote a professional approach, we can make the company a leader in the industry. The popularity of the model are whether SWOT, Diamond or Generic resulting executives are confident and effective business decisions more because these are the cornerstones in the management strategy. Administrators can select a model in their competency and meet all environmental factors within and outside the mind. This model can help these executives with strategic change and resolve the problem on the spot. However, these executives should have a good basic knowledge of operating systems and vision in the work of the model chosen, however, have good management skills in the use of a single model may not achieve the organization. The successful of companies and industries will achieve, thus the management and staff should cooperate in order to perform. But while the model may be used with both strengths and weaknesses in the model, each have it that the conditions will be factors internal to the case analysis of Porters diamond model is known and famous throughout the world and has been used widely. Porter suggests that when he has been building diamond model by four years, it apply approximately 100 industries and 10 nations. The diamond model is a good principle to benefit many industries resulted in large companies bring to the widespread use in countries like America or even Europe. At the same time, critics have come to this model the well-known in business circles as Rugman argues that Porters single diamond has two defected that the first is the role of government cannot be true to all unfold and the second is multinational activity inappropriate was established and he focused to precede realities of multinational companies than just beat the competition business whereas Porters focused on competitive strategy national and c orporate. Eventually, the dispute between Alan Rugman and Michael Porter on the diamond model in its opinion may be different, whether because of several factors that makes either the aspects or different perspectives. But no one can rapidly identify who someone is wrong because the business strategy and management strategies to modify at any time. So what should realize is bringing experts to comment on each application and change the power of ideas to improve the system and how the same level of business to competitors and to compete successfully. This report is the first report on the basic knowledge in strategic management models widely used business from past until present and to bring more information in this report to know and find ways to develop a good knowledge in the future. Bibliography Book Baptista, R. and Swann, G.M.P. (1999), A comparison of clustering dynamics in the US and UK computer industries, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 9(3): 373-399. Bruce Traill and Eamonn Pitts, Competitiveness in the food industry (Springer, 1998). Dialogue. 1992. Canada at the crossroads. Business Quarterly (Winter, Spring, and Summer). Dong-Sung Cho and Hwy-Chang Moon, From Adam Smith to Michael Porter (World Scientific, 2000), 95-100 Ishikawa, H. (1988). Kaizen. New York: Penguin Books. Jack Rabin, Gerald Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth, Handbook of strategic management (CRC Press, 2000): 461 Rider, R. W. (1983). Making strategic planning work in local government, Long Range Planning, 16: 73-81 Robert F. Bruner, Applied mergers and acquisitions (John Wiley and Sons, 2004). Rugman, A.M. 1991. Diamond in the Rough. Business Quarterly (Winter): 61-64. Rugman, A. M. 1992. Porter Takes the Wrong Turn. Business Quarterly (Winter): 59-64 Thain, D. H. 1990. The war without bullets. Business Quarterly (Summer): 13-19 Document MPEDA (2006), Mission Document. Marine Products and Export Development Authority, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Government of India Journal Arthur, W.B. (1990), Silicon Valley locational clusters: Do increasing returns imply monopoly?, Mathematical Social Science, Vol.19: 235-251. Christos N. Maxoulis, Harris P. Charalampous, and Soteris A. Kalogirou, Cyprus solar water heating cluster: A missed opportunity?, Energy Policy 35, no. 6 (June 2007): 3302-3315. Edward Bernroider, Factors in SWOT Analysis Applied to Micro, Small-to-Medium, and Large Software Enterprises:: an Austrian Study, European Management Journal 20, no. 5 (October 2002): 562-573. Luz Leyda Vega-Rosado, The International Competitiveness of Puerto Rico Using the Porters Model Vol.14 (2) (2006) Martilla, J.A., and James, J.C. (1977), Importance performance analysis, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51: 77-79 Ongsriirakul, S. and Huhbard, L. (1996). The export market for Thai frozen shrimps in the European Union, Briti.fh Food Journal, Vol, 98 No.8. pp. 24-28 Porter. M. E. (1990). New Global Strategies for Competitive Advantage. Planning Review: Vol.18 No. 3, pp. 4-14 Richard S. Allen, PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGIES: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THEIR USE IN JAPAN., ed. Marilyn M. Helms, Margaret B. Takeda, and Charles S. White, V

How Different Approaches and Power of Leadership Manage Organizational Stress?

Affiliative leadership style is ineffective in complex challenges of an organization. As affiliative leadership refers to team building when a department re-organizes itself then no co-ordination in new members exists. Transformational leadership approach that causes change in individuals and social systems in organizational already working projects. Which consequence on management to reorganize the already done work that causes frustration and lack of compatibility in employees which in case increase stress in management. Negative leadership style of a manager can lead to low measures of organizational commitment of sub ordinates in their unorganized reports. Employees working under coercive managers are unlikely to be committed, and more likely to resist the manager, cause turnover of employees. When managers low consideration is given to organizational variables that influence the nature and impact of leadership. Management is effected by both internal and external factors . Internal factors conflicts, non-specific fears, fears of inadequacy, critical environment and diversification. External factors competition and threats . These factors effect the working environment, profitability, motivation of employees and organizational culture. Literature Review According to Erkutlu and chafra (2006) Bases of leader power and subordinate’s job stress are significantly related with each other. This literature suggest that individuals having power at various levels enforce job stress in hospitality industry. According to de Jong and hartog (2007) Among all 13 leadership behaviours one is so crucial and got little bit noticed from researchers. Leaders through idea generation and delebrate actions are fullfilng their duty by motivating employee’s innovative behaviour. In leading positions a connection seems between power and famininity which is different from that of western literature on leadership. So that sometimes females took advantage of their power in a negative way (Quader & oplatka 2008). With an international CEO and other significant’s interview, a distinct experience is extracted that shows no-one get relieve on the basis of gender discrimination (kakabadse, kakabadse, & lee-davies 2007). Result of this article shows that there are some common as well as different elements in both of the leaders. One consider himself that he can understand the learning problems and the other one about the teaching duties (Zhong & ehrich 2010). According to Hetzler and sebastian (2010)To enforce individuals to make unbiased decisions different changes have been made in procedures, structure and technology. A such enviornment is groomed in which humans and machines can interact with each other for better decision making. According to Fennel and Hope-Arlene (1999) This research gives a number of examples including: Organizationz in which power was given to women leaders, their will power to run school organizations and experience of those who work with them. To implement the ethics plan successfully it is necessary thet those plans must be practiced by organization’s stakeholders firstly. In an organization, to make certainity of ethics, strong planning is compulsory (Belak, duh, mulej, & strukelj 2010). System models were used to remove the hurdles, in an organization, towards its assessment. It is found that if more appropriate system models will use it will lead organization to superior results (Ambrozm & derencin 2010). The article shows that in market place the main logic of business is to have a good start-up of business and it will go on for long time. If more risk factor is involved it will result in higher profit. Boundries must be carefully chosen for the protection of core capital (Wasilewski & Michal 2010). According to Smith, Bruyns and Evans (2011) quantitative analysis of the stories to recognize many project managers’ optimism discussion that powerfuly effect IT project success. Futhermore, it was decided that IT project success was both positively and negatively effect stress. To improve the possibility of project success it was decided that IT project managers should have positive and based on reality level of optimism based on a highly approved project plan. While the project team should anticipate and willingly accept stress during the project , this shoul be carefully managed. As stress-related health-cost is more and more importance is attached on decreasing stress. Industries has identified the benefits of minimizing stress through increased productivity and decreased health-care costs. As worldwide competition increases , corporations who can teach their workers how to manage and control stress in positive side may well have find a strategic benefits (B. Donovan & H. Kleiner 1994). The conclusion of structural equation a example to disclose the following; job stress is the preceding of frustration, while frustration can to greater extent anticipate physiological stress for C-PMs; job stress is negatively connected only o their task performance; both frustration and physiological stress are negatively connected to their organizational proceedings; task performance goes positively to their interpersonal performance. Recommendations are given based on conclusions to increase their stress and performance level (Leung, Chan, & Dongyu 2011). According to Hede ( 2010) eliminate stress techniques are accepted for use by manager’s in practice to keep away from emotional reactivity and to manage stress. The TIME scale has five factors, and each has generaly approved internal firmness and test-retest accuracy. Time scale factors results were negatively connected with both turnover purpose and stress (Burt, et al 2010). According to Coffey, Dugdill and Tattersall ( 2009) Key Obstacle include major changes taking place within the organizations; staff are doubtful to management and showing doubt. deficiency of resources and difficulties in translating findings into actions. Key factors important for success includes: strong involvement from senior management, staff participation, realistic expectations,fullfilment of duties and time frames. According to Fevre, S. Kolt and Matheny (2006) There is little experiment to prove or disprove something on which organization based stress management interventions as first approaches. Secondary, individual-focused approaches be employed prior to the introduction of primary methodologies within a client organization. According to Donaldson-Feilde, Yarker and Lewis (2008) The manner of behaving or acting to recognize or establish as being a particular pers on or thing were grouped into a subject of discourse to create a framework of 19 management ‘‘competencies’’ for keep from occurring and minimizing stress at work. Level of recognize frustration is related to degree of recognize and understand stress and degree of to become aware stress is related to type of leadership employed by managers (S. Gill, B. Flaschner & Shachar 2006). It come forth into view or notices that individuals to change their ability to manage stress. Self perception, locus of control, behavioral designs or Styles and flexibility or inflexible and strict, all influence on stress management abilities (Treven & Potocan 2005). According to Yu and Miller (2005) In manufacturing industry the generational groups have different characteristics of work and require different styles of leadership and it is shown by research but in education sector there was no difference of work and style of generational group. The effects of these two types task –oriented and socio-emotional leadership is shown by this finding that the follower satisfied with this. To find interaction the product term method is used . interaction between pressure and support was nonsignificant (Casimir & Keith Ng 2010). According to Rohmann and Rowold (2009) Female leaders have more transformational behavior than male leaders and it is shown in four samples. Furthermore, female leaders were more effective and more satisfied than their counterparts. In the team and organization leadership style whether it is transformational , transactional or ambidextrous act as a strategic resource that has an operational effect in the learning development (Bucic, Robinson, & Ramburuth 2010). There is a misalignment in performance of organization due to the problem of climate and leadership style . t supports the third hypotheses partially and fully supports the fourth hypotheses (Haakonsson, Burton, Obel, & Lauridsen 2008). According to Awan and Mahmood (2010) The Professionals were not sensitive about the relationship of these three variables. A majority of professionals considered that there chief librarians had an autocratic leadership style, and they adopt bureaucratic culture and these are committed with thei r organizations and it shows that they are in the favor of result oriented culture. In public sector there is a tension between two aspects one is to revolution in bureaucracies because of improvements, innovation and high flexibility. And other is to maintain standards and procedures for better quality services. This study shows change in leadership style and organizational change (James, 2005). Employees’ job satisfaction depends upon the leadership style of managers. Nevertheless, participative management is not always a good management style. Managers should select the best leadership style according to the organizational culture and employees’ organizational maturity (Mosadegh Rad & Yarmohammadian, 2006). It is a path that provides support for some hypotheses. Strength of relationship between the leadership vision and two dimensions of organizational structure are effect due to predicted mediations. NFP’s scored higher on socially responsible culture orientation than FPs, while FPs scored higher on competitive culture orientation (Sarros, Cooper, & Santora, 2011). According toTabassi and Abu Bakar (2010)This research shows about leaders ‘different qualities and style such as leaders’ orientation with people, about their ask in effective way and their qualities which helps juniors to become efficient leader by going with their own decisions and work with employees empowerment. From the above literature review understand hypotheses were derived to analyze How Different approaches and power of Leadership Manage Organizational Stress? H1: Strong positive association of leadership style with stress management. H2: Strong positive association of leadership power with str ess management. H0: No strong positive association of leadership style with stress management. H0: No strong positive association of leadership POWER with stress management.

Caret Internet Cafe Essay

1. Executive Summary Internet becomes one of the most important aspects in communication. Not only for browsing, do research, communicating, but also playing game and access social media. Internet already becomes a lifestyle, without it some people will get frustrated. Warnet are very popular in Indonesia, for they allow those who cannot afford computers the advantage of being online and participating in global communications,† Rudy Rusdiah, the chairman of the Indonesian Internet Kiosks Association (Awari) said. During the economic crisis in 2008, it was very difficult for a great number of the population to purchase a computer, let alone afford the cost of installing a phone line. The introduction of Internet cafes or kiosks and their growth in the nation has been beneficial to the public. There is a diverse variety of warnet in Jakarta. They range from the street-side computer terminals to plush cafe environments. In current situation, the competition of computer manufacturer and the increasing of income level of people in Jakarta made the situation a bit change; many of people can affordable computer, smart phone and mini gadgets become people choice to suitable with their needs. Still the need of internet connection is become bigger a line with the growth of population in Jakarta. This business plan will make a design of what internet cafe can provide as a new unique services that different with common warnet in the past. The price war of computer and electronic device make an affordable price for people to buy it, therefore focusing in providing computer is no longer effective in 2013. Instead the traffic of internet user is become an issue, for example the telkomsel 3g connection become bad and the price is high. Selling the internet connection itself can help people to get high speed connection for downloading, playing, browsing, and do their stuff. Most warnet in Indonesia providing thei r customer a computer access which is need extra capital for it. Usually warnet offer internet access and rent per hour for using that computer. The cost to invest and maintain the desktop is quite high comparing with the productivity income that one desktop can give. Moreover if the customer didn’t have the sense of belonging that will decrease the durable of computer. Because the rapid growing of technology and the price of  electronic device is decrease easily after new technology appears, the consumptive of customer become booming and if investors follow to invest their money in electronic device such as computer the depreciation will dramatically go down. CARET Cafe Internet offer customer with high speed internet access without providing customer the desktop. The computer or the gadget itself is already become prime device that almost everybody have. This place also offer games that can be access by giving copy game trough HD or flash disk. The game will be updated twice a month to make customer feel enjoy playing the game without buffering the update. Customer can bring their own laptop and the place will be p roviding sockets. The internet access for each room will have password for Wi-Fi access and each user will need to register the id and password in the counter in order to access the internet. The place will be as big as 200m2 separated with 5 rooms that each rooms can fit 15 persons. And each room can be booked for gaming tournament or even for meeting room. The room will be sound proof and also have chair and table set. There will be a cleaning service that will maintain the cleanliness of each room. This business will sell high speed internet access, cozy place, food and beverages. The unique point of this business is no need investment in desktop, only focusing on high speed internet access and the router. CARET will have a canteen that offers food with low medium price range of 20.000-50.000. For the drinks customer can have a coffee and tea blended drinks. The food and beverages will only become complement as the business grow, this element can be improve further more. Target market of this busin ess will aim. Student: Student that need a fun place to spend their time with friends and playing together Student that need a place to do their assignment with internet connection Gamers: People that have passion in playing game and searching cozy and fast internet Businessman: People that search a place to conduct meeting during lunch break The business is unique that we provide place and connection with a cozy moreover, what they need such as meal and drinks are there. It’s a place where people can spend a lot of their time to play, do assignment, hanging around, and as a meeting point. The main investment in this business will be: Investment a place in good place near campus. Investment in IT support such as modem, Wi-Fi routers, and software that can create multiple ID and password for same Internet connection. Investment in furnishing the place to create a signature of modern and cozy place. Investment in Sofa, chair and table approximately 75 chairs and 10 sofas at beginning. Investment in coffee roasters and cafe stall. Investment in kitchen and food equipment 2. Description of the Business This business focusing on give a convinience place for the customers, and the customer will be paid based on hourly for accessing the Wi-Fi. The front counter will have HD or flash disk that contain of many game customer can play just ask to copy it trough their laptop. The mission is to bring modern and fun athmosphere in the place. Cleanliness of the place Fast connection Comfortable seat Variety of updated games provided. Usually common warnet will be fully of the customer because of the game trend, and this business will also trying identify what kind of games that trend in this time. Objectives Short-term Description Gain awareness from people around the location Fulfill the place 80% of capacity Distribute pamphlet around campus and office Using buzz marketing Give a free one hour internet connection To make the place active and attract more customer to come, by inviting gamers to conduct a game tournament. Long-term Description Remapping people mind set about warnet Noticed by businessman Open franchise Give a positive value that warnet not always need to provide computer rather providing high speed internet connection Create a unique place that comfort not only for student, but also for customer which need a place to conduct a meeting. Leverage the business trough other investor capital Picture 2.1 Business Process Diagram Key Elements Type of business Warnet Product or services High speed internet connection and cozy place Unique selling point Only providing connection and comfort place without providing desktop Growth Potential Can attract new segment customer, that not only focus in gaming customer, but a worker staff that want to conduct a meeting during break time. 3. Marketing Range population in South Jakarta shown as bellow, the target market is age around 15-50 which reach 1,375,570 peoples and if the 22.1% is willing to connected with internet there will be 304000 people that will be our target market. The market is targeted for people who in the productive age that use internet as a tool to gain information and have fun with friends. Based on internet research, there are listed 12 warnets spread out around South Jakarta. There will be 25000 target markets for each warnet if the target equally distributed. Barriers to entry Warnet have common things on sale, which are computer rental and internet connection, while CARET will follow the market behavior that only focusing on internet connection and cozy place. There are several things that can avoid competitor to copy such a business: 1. Strategic location(Near Campus Bina Nusantara JWC and Moestopo) 2. IT technology that make a modern business model and secure place 3. Focusing on high speed internet connection that can reach 20mbps 4. Can freely download without any limitation 5. Facility that include projector and good place to even conduct a meeting 6. Clean and full furnish place that make it cozy and different with common warnet 7. Have a cafà © inside that provide drink and meal Competitor Analysis Based on research in South Jakarta, HANANET have quite high internet connection around 7.2 mbps that in average warnet in South Jakarta only have 2-5mbps. The strength on HANANET: 1. Stable and high internet connection 2. Unique product that can give package play for 100.000 in whole day Weakness: 1. Bad environment for play, no separation smoking area 2. The properties not managed well The rate per hour is Rp6,000,- Sales Projection The full capacity of CARET is for 100 peoples in the first month of opening, the target capacity will be 80% loaded because the need of internet connection, roughly 20% only from BINUS INTER student will spend their free time connected with internet. People around such as student will be delight to buy these services. 1 CARET will be better than the competitor because of the modern environment there are: 1. Separated smoke room 2. Cleanliness that maintain by cleaning service /hour 3. Cafà © that provided food and drinks 4. High speed connection that reach 50mbps 5. Facility that also support for meeting purpose Promotion First of all to make customer notice that there is a new place that provide high speed connection, CARET will give a brochure and a free one hour coupon for new customer. Latter on the data will be collected for customer behavior analysis. The brochure will be spread around 2 campuses BINUS INTERNATIONAL and Moestopo. Under CARET management team, the business will be handled by creating a basic goal for each semester. The main goal will be become a pioneer in developing warnet without computer and be the first top tier warnet in South Jakarta. Picture 3.1 BizNet Package promotion For the Internet connection CARET will use BizNet that have a business package that can reach 50mbps. The Advantage using BizNet: Internet access services up to 20 Mbps Safe, fast and very stable The connection uses RJ-45, can be directly connected to a router, firewall, proxy or existing LAN switches Direct peering with multiple Tier-1 provider in the world, large bandwidth capacity for the International and local Picture 3.2 BizNet Internet connection Expense for each month will be define as bellow, for Internet connection CARET will use the best package from BizNet which is can reach 50Mbps, and for router itself, CARET using approximately 10 routers that can cover 100 user at the same time. The technician has a credible skill focusing in maintain stability and sustainability of the connection. ATK are including markers, paper and operational worksheet. Identification and planning for key risk The risk that warnet usually face is the electricity problem or unstable connection for external risk. For the internal risk there will be unprofessional staff in the wrong management that use the facility for own interest. Risk can be avoid, acceptance, mitigate, or transfer. The risk will be classified as: External Risk 1. Electricity problem and unstable connection: Risk avoid: By using genset, power supply and for the connection there will be a technician that can handle such a problem by issuing some teamwork with BizNet 2. Irresponsible Customer Risk avoid: By placing security and CCTV camera around the place 3. Second Liner competitor Risk mitigation: Reducing the risk by creating a unique services such as Saturday tournament and get a link for food and beverages trough franchising example: Chat time, share tea Internal Risk 1. Undedicated staff, low morale staff: Risk avoid: Conduct a month meeting to evaluate work performance and conduct a briefing in the morning.

The Death Of Socrates By Plato - 1188 Words

Phaedo is an account of events before and after the death of Socrates as written by Plato in the form of dialogue. This dialogue is an expression of various arguments and beliefs on the theme of mortality. Phaedo was one of the men present to witness the death of Socrates, and before the execution, they had engaged in conversations with which Socrates expressed his ideas on death, the soul, and the belief in the existence of an afterlife. Plato’s philosophical idealism is expressed in Phaedo in some ways. For instance, one could apply the cyclical argument that any living being is eternal with the soul as the imperishable aspect. Plato expresses that the soul gives continuity as it moves on to the next part of life despite the fact that†¦show more content†¦This situation is dependent on a good system of government, and this is the manner in which Aristotle transitions to Politics. Here, Aristotle expresses the need for the political leadership to work in liaison with the community to embrace virtuous living. The religious life in the Roman world experienced a lot of transformations with time. The changes can be observed through the literature depending on when it was written. For instance, some revolutions are noticeable in Book 6 of Virgil’s Aeneid and Apuleius s The Golden Ass. Book 6 of Aeneid is a sort of prophecy as Virgil gives an account of Aeneas’ journey to the Underworld. The author’s imagination gives an insight into the nature of punishments for sin and that lack of adherence to the virtues of the religion results in dire consequences. The gods are portrayed as being temperamental and are willing to exert their wrath on the human race. The gods demand sacrifice and obedience from the human race which they proclaim superiority over. The underworld defines the afterlife whereby the people are rewarded depending on the kind of lives they lived on earth. The Underworld is described to have many sections, and the people are judged depending on their virtuosity. This religious belief embraces Orphism as there is the presence of Orpheus, a priest. Radhamanthus is given the task of listening to people’s sins and sentencing them. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Comparison Of Socrates And The Death Of Plato And Plato1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdr awing and different pieces of art to the Bible. Today we will be discussing the The Death of Socrates (Apology Crito and Phaedo) and the author Plato. Plato was a student of Socrates. In these dialogues, he narrates the events leading up to Socrates’ death. To begin I will be discussing the reasons why Plato wrote these dialogues. Leading into the discussion of each dialogue and the importance each work. Socrates was a man who in these dialogues discusses how during his life he knew that he did notRead MorePlato: The Trial and Death of Socrates1263 Words   |  5 PagesPLATO- The Trial and Death of Socrates Athens belonged to a royal blood of an Aristocratic family. Plato was a good learner and pupil who always wanted to wanted to justify Socrates and tried to discover the eternal principles of human conduct, happiness, justice, temperance and courage. He was holding a unique and valuable position in the area when he was only about twenty eight years old. Plato never forced anyone to follow him and to adopt his thoughts in order to adopt a true and simple meanRead MorePlato : The Trial And Death Of Socrates1107 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Kewal Phil 103 Essay #1 Plato: The Trial and Death of Socrates Euthyphro In Platos Euthyphro, Euthyphro is surprised to see Socrates at the courthouse because he doesnt seem like the kind of person that should be anywhere around a courthouse. They both discuss why Socrates is there in which he tells Euthyphro that he is being indicted by Meletus for corrupting the youth because he does not believe in the old gods of Athens and makes up new gods. Socrates goes on by telling Euthyphro hisRead MorePlato s The Trial And Death Of Socrates Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s The Trial and Death of Socrates presents the reader with complex competing conceptions of what should be considered â€Å"the good life†. According to Socrates, â€Å"the most important thing is not life, but the good life† (Crito, 48b). The majority, who live a non-philosophical life, believes the goods of life include wealth, reputation, and honor: all things that can easily be taken away or destroyed. On the other hand, Socrates lives a philosophical life filled with self-sufficiency. 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Understanding the dichotomous relationship of the soul and the body is integral to grasping the similaritiesRead More The Apology and the Republic Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages Socrates was a renowned philosopher in the ancient Grecian times. His peak was around the Peloponnesian War, when the Spartans defeated the Athenians and ended the Golden Age. The reason Socrates is one of histories most famous philosophers is largely due to Platos writings. Two of Platos famous works include The Apology and The Republic, both written about Socrates views about the so called wise philosophers of his time. The two works hold unique views about government, as well as o pening